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Introducción. La deuda económica durante la residencia en cirugía general puede afectar el desempeño profesional, las decisiones de vida y el bienestar psicológico. La información disponible en Colombia es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la deuda económica del residente de cirugía general, identificar los factores asociados y evaluar su efecto en el bienestar psicológico. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal analítico. Se invitó a 380 residentes a diligenciar una encuesta sobre los aspectos relacionados con su deuda económica y se utilizó el WHO-index para evaluar su bienestar psicológico. Resultados. Un total de 259 residentes participaron en el estudio (67,6 %). El 56 % posee una deuda económica promedio de COP $88.000.000 ((US$21.826)). Un alto nivel de endeudamiento se relacionó con el año de residencia, el tipo de institución (privada) y la solicitud de préstamos. Se identificó algún trastorno mental en 14,7 % y un bajo nivel de bienestar psicológico en 56,4 % de los participantes. No se identificó ninguna asociación entre una elevada deuda económica y el bajo bienestar psicológico. Conclusiones. La deuda económica tiene un efecto sobre los residentes. El endeudamiento de los residentes de cirugía en Colombia es altamente prevalente, y no se correlaciona con un pobre bienestar psicológico. La autodeterminación favorece el bienestar psicológico en el posgrado en cirugía general. Existe la necesidad de educación financiera en los residentes. Se requieren nuevos estudios que evalúen las causas del pobre bienestar psicológico.
Introduction. Financial debt during surgery residency can affect professional performance, life decisions, and psychological well-being. The information available in Colombia is limited. The objective of this study is to quantify the financial debt of the general surgery resident, identify the associated factors and evaluate their effect on psychological well-being. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 380 residents were invited to complete a survey on aspects related to their financial debt, and the WHO-index to evaluate their psychological well-being. Results. A total of 259 residents participated in the study (67.6%). 56% have an average economic debt of $88,000,000 COP (US$21,826). High debt was related to level of residence, type of institution (private), and loan application. Some mental disorder was identified in 14.7% and a low level of psychological well-being in 56.4% of the participants. No association was identified between high financial debt and low psychological well-being. Conclusions. Economic debt has an effect on residents. Financial debt among surgical residents in Colombia is highly prevalent; however, it does not correlate with poor psychological well-being. Self-determination favors psychological well-being in the postgraduate course in general surgery. Likewise, the need for financial education in residents is imminent. New studies are required that thoroughly evaluate the causes of poor well-being.
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Humans , General Surgery , Economics , Psychological Well-Being , Training Support , Education, Medical, GraduateABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to examine gender differences in distress and well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing risk and protective factors for psychological distress and subjective well-being. It is a repeated cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,588 women (50%) and men (50%) from the general Spanish population aged 18-74 years who were assessed online by seven questionnaires and scales. Descriptive, variance, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. From February to April 2022, 57.4% of women and 38.7% of men had psychological distress, percentages that totaled 50.5% and 41.5%, respectively, from October 2022 to February 2023. Women also had greater perceived vulnerability to diseases, more negative feelings, and lower affect balance, resilience, and self-esteem than men. The most important predictors of greater psychological distress refer to lower self-esteem, resilience, and social support and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases. Other statistically significant predictors included lower educational level in women and neither being married nor living with a partner in men. Lower self-esteem also best predicted lower subjective well-being, with lower social support and lower resilience also constituting significant predictors. Moreover, lower educational level and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases statistically and significantly predicted lower subjective well-being in women, as did not being a student in men. We conclude that psychological distress remains greatly prevalent in Spain two years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in women.
Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias de género en distrés psicológico y en el bienestar a dos años del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, analizando factores de riesgo y de protección para distrés psicológico y bienestar subjetivo. Se trata de un estudio transversal repetido con una muestra de 1.588 individuos de la población general de España, 50% mujeres y 50% hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 74 años. Los participantes fueron evaluados en línea mediante 7 cuestionarios y escalas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de varianza y de regresión múltiple jerárquica. Entre febrero y abril del 2022, el 57,4% de las mujeres y el 38,7% de los hombres presentaron distrés psicológico, con porcentajes del 50,5% y 41,5%, respectivamente, entre octubre del 2022 y febrero del 2023. Las mujeres también presentaron una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad, más sentimientos negativos, menos equilibrio afectivo y menor resiliencia y autoestima que los hombres. Los indicadores más importantes de un mayor distrés psicológico fueron la baja autoestima, la baja resiliencia, el escaso apoyo social y una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad. Otros indicadores estadísticamente significativos fueron los siguientes: bajo nivel de educación entre las mujeres y no estar casado o no vivir con una compañera entre los hombres. La baja autoestima también fue el mejor indicador de un bajo bienestar subjetivo; además, el escaso apoyo social y la baja resiliencia también fueron indicadores importantes. Además, el bajo nivel de educación y la alta vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad fueron indicadores estadísticamente significativos de bajo bienestar subjetivo entre las mujeres y de no ser estudiantes entre los hombres. Concluimos que el distrés psicológico sigue siendo muy prevalente en España dos años después del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, especialmente entre las mujeres.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as diferenças de gênero em estresse psicológico e no bem-estar dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, analisando fatores de risco e de proteção para estresse psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo. Este foi um estudo transversal repetido com amostra de 1.588 indivíduos da população geral da Espanha - 50% do sexo feminino e 50% do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 74 anos. Os participantes foram avaliados online por meio de sete questionários e escalas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, de variância e de regressão múltipla hierárquica. Entre fevereiro e abril de 2022, 57,4% das mulheres e 38,7% dos homens apresentaram estresse psicológico, com porcentagens de 50,5% e 41,5%, respetivamente, entre outubro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. As mulheres também apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença, mais sentimentos negativos, menor equilíbrio afetivo e menor resiliência e autoestima do que os homens. Os indicadores mais importantes de maior estresse psicológico foram baixa autoestima, baixa resiliência, baixo apoio social e maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença. Outros indicadores estatisticamente significativos foram: baixo nível de escolaridade entre as mulheres e não ser casado ou não viver com uma companheira entre os homens. Baixa autoestima também foi o melhor indicador de baixo bem-estar subjetivo; além disso, baixo apoio social e baixa resiliência também foram indicadores significativos. Além disso, baixo nível de escolaridade e alta vulnerabilidade percebida à doença foram indicadores estatisticamente significativos de baixo bem-estar subjetivo entre as mulheres e de não ser estudante entre os homens. Concluímos que estresse psicológico ainda é muito prevalente na Espanha dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, principalmente entre as mulheres.
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Abstract Background Teaching is very stressful and demanding and it intensifies psychological and related disorders compared to other occupations. Most teachers in Nigeria are battling emotional distress, burnout, depression, and anxiety due to excess workload, which has affected their psychological well-being. This study assessed the sociodemographic and psychological well-being of primary school teachers in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods This is a study with a cross-sectional design. The psychological well-being of 254 primary school teachers was assessed using a psychological well-being scale and a sociodemographic information inventory was also used to ascertain their personal information. The data collected were analyzed using chi-square, mean, standard deviation, and bivariate correlation statistics. Results The results showed that the majority of primary school teachers experience unhealthy psychological well-being irrespective of age, gender, working status, qualification, and years of teaching experience. These teachers' sociodemographic variables are significantly correlated with psychological well-being. Only location is not significantly correlated with psychological well-being. Conclusion Therefore, this study concluded that primary school teachers' psychological well-being is not positive or healthy and is significantly related to their sociodemographic characteristics.
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Resumen En este estudio se analiza el estado actual de los indicadores de salud y bienestar pertenecientes a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS), identificando los desafíos más significativos que se presentan entre los países del mundo y en la región de las Américas. Se utiliza la técnica multivariante HJ-Biplot para representar las variaciones y covariaciones existentes entre 16 indicadores del ODS 3, reportados al año 2022, según datos de 176 países, entre ellos, 31 del continente americano. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que indicadores como la esperanza de vida al nacer, la cobertura sanitaria universal y la demanda de planificación familiar satisfecha, caracterizan a los países desarrollados. En contraste, los países en vía de desarrollo aún registran retos importantes para favorecer la salud materna, el bienestar de los niños y en el control de enfermedades trasmisibles y crónicas. Por ello, en el marco de la Agenda 2030, es necesario continuar trabajando en acciones de política pública que permitan avanzar en la implementación de programas para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de la población, en especial entre las naciones de menores ingresos.
Abstract This study reviews the current state of the good health and well-being indicators included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), identifying the most significant challenges faced by countries in the world and in the Americas region. The HJ-Biplot multivariate technique is used to represent variances and covariances between 16 SDG 3 indicators, reported as of 2022, based on data from 176 countries, including 31 countries of the American continent. The findings show that indicators such as life expectancy at birth, universal health coverage and satisfied demand for family planning are key characteristics of developed countries. In contrast, developing countries still face significant challenges in terms of promoting maternal health, the well-being of children and the control of communicable and chronic diseases. For this reason, in the framework of the 2030 Agenda, it is necessary to continue working on public policy actions that enable making progress in the implementation of programs to improve the health and well-being of the population, especially in lower-income countries.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by persistent and often progressive airflow obstruction， including airway abnormalities （e.g.， bronchitis and bronchiolitis） and chronic respiratory symptoms （e.g.， dyspnea， cough， and expectoration）. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the lung and large intestine are interior-exterior related. Therefore， COPD can be treated from both the lung and intestine by the methods of tonifying and invigorating lung， spleen， and kidney， dispelling phlegm， and expelling stasis. Gut microbiota plays a key role in human immunity， nerve， and metabolism and may act on COPD by affecting the structures and functions of lung and intestine tissue and regulating lung inflammation and immunity. TCM can restore the balance of gut microbiota， which is conducive to the recovery from COPD. For example， the treatment method of tonifying lung and invigorating kidney can regulate gut microbiota， alleviate pulmonary and intestinal injuries， and improve lung immunity. The treatment methods of dispelling phlegm and expelling stasis can regulate gut microbiota and reduce pulmonary inflammation. According to the TCM theory of lung and large intestine being interior-exterior related， this review elaborates on the connotation of TCM in the treatment of COPD by regulating gut microbiota， aiming to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of COPD via gut microbiota.
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Pretendemos discutir a experiência em etnoeducação que construímos junto à escola Nossa Senhora da Aparecida, situada na comunidade quilombola Boa Vista do Cuminã, na região de Oriximiná (PA). Partimos do histórico de um grupo de extensão, pesquisa e intervenção em etnoeducação da Universidade Federal Fluminense, que ao longo de oito anos desenvolveu experiências de formação coletiva de múltiplos educadores. A etnoeducação se inspira na etnografia como metodologia de ativação de dispositivos comunitários e coletivos de ensinar e aprender com. Nesse processo, a transdisciplinaridade rompe posições hierárquicas e disciplinares dos espaços de ensinar e aprender na "escola", na vida comunitária, e impulsiona o protagonismo das "agências", individuais e coletivas, em jogo nessas ações de etnoeducação. Buscaremos, no final deste artigo, relatar uma experiência coletiva de ensino e aprendizagem na comunidade quilombola de Boa Vista Cuminã
We intend to discuss the experience in ethnoeducation, which we built with the Nossa Senhora da Apare-cida school, located in the quilombola community Boa Vista Cuminã, in the region of Oriximiná (PA). We started from the background of a group of extension, research and intervention in ethnoeducation at the Universidade Federal Fluminense, which, for eight years, developed experiences of collective formation of multiple educators. Ethnoeducation is inspired by ethnography as a methodology for activating community and collective devices for teaching and learning with. In this process, transdisciplinarity breaks hierarchi-cal and disciplinary positions of the spaces for teaching and learning in the "school", in community life, and boosts the protagonism of the "agencies", individual and collective, at play in these ethnoeducation actions. We will seek, at the end of this article, to report a collective teaching and learning experience in the quilombola community of Boa Vista Cuminã
Pretendemos discutir la experiencia en etnoeducación que construimos con la escuela Nossa Senhora da Aparecida, localizada en la comunidad quilombola Boa Vista Cuminã, en la región de Oriximiná (PA). Partimos de la historia de un grupo de extensión, investigación e intervención en etnoeducación de la Universidad Federal Fluminense, que a lo largo de ocho años desarrolló experiencias de formación colectiva de educadores múltiples. La etnoeducación se inspira en la etnografía como metodología para la activación de dispositivos comunitarios y colectivos de enseñanza y aprendizaje con. En ese proceso, la transdisciplinariedad rompe posiciones jerárquicas y disciplinares de los espacios de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la "escuela", en la vida comunitaria, y empuja el protagonismo de las "agencias", individuales y colectivas, en juego en esas acciones de etnoeducación. Intentaremos, al final de este artículo, relatar una experiencia colectiva de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la comunidad quilombola de Boa Vista Cuminã
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Humans , Education , Quilombola Communities , Anthropology, Cultural , Population Education , Faculty , Enslaved PersonsABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar as relações entre a percepção de religiosidade e as forças pessoais e as diferenças quanto à idade, ao sexo e nível de religiosidade dos participantes. Para tanto, 92 estudantes, com idades entre 18 e 64 anos (M= 25,13; DP=8,09), de uma universidade particular do estado de São Paulo, responderam à Escala de Avaliação da Percepção de Religiosidade (EAPRE) e à Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre 21 forças da EFC, e o fator internalização da EAPRE (r entre 0,21 e 0,49), e três forças pessoais com o fator externalização (r entre 0,25 e 0,53). As mulheres apresentaram maiores médias que os homens no fator internalização da EAPRE e em seis forças de caráter da EFC. Além disso, os participantes que se percebiam com alto nível de religiosidade apresentaram maiores médias na força espiritualidade. Pesquisas com outras amostras são necessárias para permitir o amadurecimento dos conceitos investigados, sobretudo no Brasil, onde os instrumentos que avaliam construtos da psicologia positiva estão em desenvolvimento.
This research aimed to investigate the relationships between the perception of religiosity and the character strengths and the differences in age, gender, and level of religiosity of the participants. To this end, 92 students, aged between 18 and 64 years (M= 25.13; SD=8.09), from a private university in the state of São Paulo, answered the Religiosity Perception Assessment Scale (EAPRE) and the Character Strengths Scale (EFC). Significant correlations were found between 21 EFC forces, and the internalization factor of EAPRE (r between 0.21 and 0.49) and three-character strengths with the externalization factor (r between 0.25 and 0.53). Women presented higher averages than men in the internalization factor of PSAE and in six-character strengths of EFC. In addition, the participants who perceived themselves with a high level of religiosity presented higher averages in the spiritual strength. Research with other samples is necessary to allow the maturation of the concepts investigated, especially in Brazil, where the instruments that evaluate positive psychology constructs are under development.
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Evidence-based positive interventions contribute to the promotion of workers' well-being. Accordingly, an intervention was carried out with 11 physiotherapist engaging leaders from a hospital in Porto Alegre to promote their engagement at work as a protection factor. A mixed transformative-sequential study was carried out, consisting of four phases with three stages of assessment. The effectiveness of the intervention was investigated using the Jacobson-Truax Method, evaluating the effects of the intervention on Engagement at Work, Perceived Social Support, Dispositional Hope, Gratitude, and Anxiety. The intervention integrated epistemological assumptions from the Job Demand-Resources Model and the Basic Psychological Needs Theory. The main result was the increased levels of work engagement, which strengthened positive psychological states, and had an anxiety-reducing effect during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides relevant contributions to positive development in mental health protection at work. (AU)
Intervenções positivas baseadas em evidências contribuem para promoção do bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma intervenção com 11 lideranças engajadoras de fisioterapeutas de um hospital de Porto Alegre para promover seu engajamento no trabalho como fator de proteção. Realizou-se estudo misto transformativo-sequencial, composto por quatro fases em três tempos de avaliação. A efetividade da intervenção foi investigada por meio do Método Jacobson-Truax, avaliando os efeitos da intervenção sobre os níveis de Engajamento no Trabalho, Suporte Social Percebido, Esperança Disposicional, Gratidão e Ansiedade. A intervenção integrou pressupostos epistemológicos do Modelo Recursos e Demandas no Trabalho e da Teoria das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas. O principal resultado foi o aumento dos níveis de engajamento no trabalho, que fortaleceu estados psicológicos positivos, e teve efeito na redução dos níveis de ansiedade na pandemia de COVID-19. A pesquisa traz contribuições relevantes para o desenvolvimento positivo na proteção da saúde mental no trabalho. (AU)
Intervenciones positivas basadas en evidencia contribuyen a promoción del bienestar de los trabajadores. En ese sentido, se realizó una intervención con 11 fisioterapeutas líderes de compromiso de un hospital de Porto Alegre para promover su Engagement en el Trabajo como factor de protección. Se llevó a cabo un estudio mixto transformativo-secuencial, con cuatro fases y tres etapas de evaluación. Se investigó la efectividad de la intervención mediante el Método de Jacobson-Truax, evaluando los efectos de la intervención sobre los niveles del Engagement en el Trabajo, Apoyo Social Percibido, Esperanza Disposicional, Gratitud y Ansiedad. La intervención integró el Modelo teórico de Demandas y Recursos de Trabajo con la Teoría de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas. Con un resultado de mayores niveles de Engagement en el Trabajo, lo que fortaleció los estados psicológicos positivos y tuvo un efecto reductor de la ansiedad durante la pandemia. Este estudio aporta contribuciones relevantes al desarrollo positivo en la protección de salud mental en trabajo. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anxiety/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Physical Therapy Department, Hospital , Psychology, Positive , Leadership , Online Systems , Surveys and Questionnaires , COVID-19/psychologyABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La población sobre 60 años va en aumento y es relevante tener más conocimiento sobre los factores que inciden en su bienestar y salud mental. Objetivo: Este estudio busca comprender la relación entre bienestar, apoyo social y sintomatología depresiva en personas mayores de la provincia de Concepción. Método: 538 adultos mayores fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente de 15 Centros de Salud Primaria de la provincia de Concepción, Chile. Se midieron sus niveles de bienestar (con el Pemberton Happiness Index), de apoyo Social (con la Escala Multidimensional de Percepción de Apoyo Social de Zimet) y de sintomatología depresiva (mediante el Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Resultados: Los adultos mayores mostraron un puntaje elevado (M=8,54; DE = 1,34) en bienestar, sin diferencias por sexo (t(536) = −1,065, p = 0,288 > 0,05). En los análisis de regresión lineal, el apoyo social (β =0,463, p<0,001) y la sintomatología depresiva (β =-1,585, p<0,001) aparecen como influyentes en el bienestar de las personas mayores; y el apoyo social actúa como un factor moderador (β=0,049, p=0,007, IC =0,021; 0,077) en la relación entre sintomatología depresiva y bienestar. Conclusiones: Las personas mayores muestran elevado bienestar. Los resultados refuerzan la relevancia del apoyo social como un factor protector en las personas mayores. Ello corrobora la importancia del fomento de este aspecto en los programas promocionales y preventivos destinados al bienestar y salud mental de adultos mayores.
Background: The population over 60 years of age is increasing. Aim: This research aims to understand the relationship between well-being, social support, and depressive symptoms in older Chilean people. Method: 538 older adults were randomly selected from 15 Primary Health Centers in the province of Concepción, Chile, 341 women and 197 men. Well-being was measured with the Pemberton Happiness Index, Social Support with the Zimet Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Depressive Symptomatology using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Older adults showed a high mean score (M=8.54; SD=1.34) in well-being, with no differences by sex (t(536) = −1.065, p = .288 > .05.) In linear regression analyses, social support (β =0,463, p<0,001) and depressive symptomatology (β =-1,585, p<0,001) influence the well-being of the elderly, and social support acts as a moderating factor (β=0.049, p=0.007, CI =0.021; 0.077) in the relationship between social support and well-being. Conclusions: Older people show high well-being. The results reinforce the relevance of social support as a protective factor for the positive mental health of older adults. This corroborates the importance of including this aspect in promotional and preventive mental health programs for older adults.
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Resumen El concepto de bienestar subjetivo se refiere a la forma global, positiva o negativa, en la que las personas evalúan sus vidas y experiencias. La búsqueda de factores que expliquen el bienestar subjetivo, actualmente uno de los temas de mayor interés en la psicología, condujo al concepto de satisfacciones de dominios, que se entienden como los juicios que las personas hacen al evaluar los mayores dominios de vida. Este estudio correlacional tuvo por objetivo establecer la relación de la satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos, salud, vida universitaria y rendimiento académico, con los componentes cognitivo y emocional del bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción vital y felicidad, respectivamente), identificando cuáles de esos dominios lo predicen. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 344 estudiantes de una universidad pública colombiana (50.9 % mujeres y 49.1 % hombres) con edades entre 18 y 29 años (. = 20.89; DT = 2.52). Los resultados mostraron una fuerte relación de todos los dominios con el bienestar subjetivo. La satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos y vida universitaria explicó la varianza de la satisfacción vital y la felicidad en forma diferenciada. Se concluye que: (a) el bienestar se afecta con la satisfacción de necesidades asociadas a los dominios cercanos e importantes para el individuo; (b) las satisfacciones de dominios impactan más el componente cognitivo del bienestar que el emocional; (c) el dominio económico satisface más necesidades cognitivas, la amistad suple necesidades emocionales, y la pareja, la familia y la vida universitaria satisfacen ambas.
Abstract The concept of subjective well-being refers to the overall positive or negative way in which people evaluate their lives and experiences. It is generally accepted that subjective well-being is made up of a cognitive component usually called satisfaction with life or life satisfaction and an emotional component usually referred to as happiness. The search for factors that explain subjective well-being is currently one of the most interesting topics in psychology and led to the concept of domain satisfactions, which are understood as the judgments that people make when evaluating the major domains of life. It refers to the perceived degree of satisfaction that we obtain from the way in which each of these main domains or areas of our lives are developed. This correlational study with predictive intent aimed at establishing the relationship of satisfaction in the economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance domains, with the cognitive and emotional components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and happiness, respectively), identifying which of these domains predict well-being. The non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, was made up of 344 women and men (50.9 % and 49.1 % respectively) between 18 and 29 years of age (M = 20.89); SD = 2.52), students from an important Colombian public university based in the city of Palmira. The instruments, which include the Diener's life satisfaction and Lyubomirsky and Lepper's happiness scales, and simple items for each domain satisfaction studied (economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance) were answered in a format printed by 64 % of the participants and in virtual format by 36 %, according to their own choice. The results showed that all domain satisfactions were significantly related to both the cognitive and the emotional components of subjective well-being. The results also showed that except for satisfaction with health and academic performance, all other domain satisfactions predicted at least one of the components of subjective well-being. In general, domain satisfactions explained the variance of satisfaction and happiness much better than sociodemographic variables. Thus, it was confirmed that the psychological significance of events that occur in the main areas of people´s lives have much more relevance to well-being than situational factors such as sociodemographic ones. In a different sense, and order of impact, satisfaction with the economic domain, satisfaction with university life, and satisfaction with the couple emerged as the domains that had the greatest influence on life satisfaction, and satisfaction with friends and satisfaction with university life emerged as the strongest predictors of happiness. The results suggest that well-being is especially affected by the satisfaction of needs associated with the closest domains and more important to the individual. These would include the economic domain and relationships that involve affections, but also other domains that, for specific reasons, occupy a relevant place in the individual's internal hierarchy of importance, which may vary among cultures and even among people of the same culture. The above conclusion could explain, among other findings, the significant impact of satisfaction with university life on subjective well-being. The results also suggest that, in general, domain satisfactions have a greater impact on the cognitive component of well-being than on the emotional component, and that, in particular, domains such as economics fundamentally satisfy cognitive needs, friendship fundamentally satisfy emotional needs, and other domains such as couple, family and university life, satisfy both cognitive and emotional needs. This would demonstrate the importance of applying differentiated instruments to study the cognitive and emotional components of well-being.
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Resumen En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una primera aproximación al análisis del efecto moderador del contexto social, cultural y geográfico en indicadores subjetivos del envejecimiento saludable en personas mayores de 46 años residentes en territorios con características diferenciadas en Costa Rica. Se trabajó con una muestra de 305 personas residentes en tres áreas geográficas: una urbana, una semiurbana y una tercera principalmente rural. La diferenciación de las tres zonas se basó en criterios de densidad poblacional, infraestructura y acceso a bienes y servicios. Los indicadores subjetivos del envejecimiento saludable analizados fueron: participación social, apoyo social, salud percibida, espiritualidad, autoeficacia, comportamientos de autocuidado, bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción con la vida y bienestar psicológico) y estado de ánimo; todas las variables fueron condicionadas por zona de residencia, edad y sexo. Para analizar los indicadores subjetivos se estimó un análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) o un análisis multivariado de covarianza (MANCOVA), dependiendo del número de variables dependientes analizadas. En general, se identificaron indicadores subjetivos de envejecimiento saludable altos en las personas participantes del estudio, quienes reportaron altos niveles de participación social, satisfacción con la vida y estados de salud y ánimo positivos. Se encontraron diferencias por edad entre los grupos. Sin embargo, no se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los indicadores subjetivos analizados según la zona de residencia o el sexo. En síntesis, este estudio encontró que los indicadores subjetivos de envejecimiento saludable analizados eran muy similares en residentes de tres zonas geográficas con características distintas. Estos hallazgos iniciales se discuten desde una perspectiva cultural y geográfica y en relación con los modelos de envejecimiento saludable.
Abstract This review exposes the results of a first approximation to the analysis of the moderator effect of the geographical, social, and cultural context on subjective indicators of healthy aging in the Costa Rican context. Costa Rica is a middle-income democratic country that is in an advanced demographic changing process; this phenomenon makes it one of the aged countries in the Latin American region. Therefore, studying healthy aging becomes relevant in the context of population demographic change in the present and future aging societies. The study compared several subjective indicators of healthy aging among people older than 46 who resided in three different geographical areas in the country. Participants were 305 healthy people from three locations: one urban (Heredia Central City), one semi-urban (Santa Ana Central City), and one mainly rural (Nicoya). Participants completed standardized assessment scales to evaluate social participation, social support, perceived health, spirituality, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and subjective well-being (life satisfaction and psychological well-being). All variables were conditioned by geographical zone (urban, semi-urban, and mainly rural), age, and gender. Either Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) or Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were estimated depending on the number of dependent variables analyzed to test the effect of the zone of residence, gender, and age, over the subjective indicator of healthy aging studied. In general, participants evidenced high scores on subjective indicators such as self-care, social support, spirituality, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being, which have been associated with health and well-being during the aging process. Participants reported high levels of social participation and perceived that they received adequate support for their daily life needs. Likewise, participants evidenced a general state of well-being, a positive state of health, high levels of self-efficacy, and positive moods. Differences were found among the groups by comparing age. However, no significant differences were found in the variables studied related to geographical areas of residence and sex, suggesting invariant comparison evidence by zone of residence and sex. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the subjective indicators of healthy aging studied are key to promoting healthy aging at the national level. It is considered necessary to improve opportunities for social participation aimed at older adults, to strengthen community and family social networks, to promote socio-economic support such as financial and instrumental support for activities of daily living, and finally emotional support such as listening, empathy and advice. Although the differences among geographical areas of residence of the people studied were not statistically significant in this study, the evidence suggested a trend of high well-being indicators mainly in the rural areas studied, and particularly more in males than in females. As this study only reached preliminary data, further research must obtain conclusive evidence, as previous research had suggested older people living in rural areas with high longevity indicators in Costa Rica might enjoy unusual environmental characteristics and personal protective factors that could be absent in most of the urban areas in the country. On the other hand, it will be necessary to include the historical and socio-cultural determinants focusing on context-specific review analyses in the mainstream research on healthy aging, even more in aged countries like Costa Rica. The findings are discussed within the inter-cultural emphasis and healthy aging models in order to contribute to a better understanding of how the context (physical-constructed and social/cultural) influences the differences, although subtle, in the study´s variables and participants, and how the process of aging might be different according to the multiple contextual conditions in which people live and adapt their capacities and abilities for coping with daily life demands.
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Abstract Introduction The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of young people has attracted the concerned of many parties. Self-efficacy, an individual's belief to cope with various situations, is believed to have a relationship with individual's psychological well-being. Objective To explore the relationship between self-efficacy and well-being of young people in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of high schools and universities students in Indonesia. The number of participants were 365 young people aged 15-23 years (M = 18.57; SD = 1.95). They were asked to complete the Self-efficacy Scale and the Flourishing Scale in the form of an online survey. Results There is a positive correlation between self-efficacy and well-being (r = .547, p < .01) with the contribution percentage of 33.5%. The two-way ANOVA resulted there was an effect of education level on wellbeing (F = 12.956, p < .05), while there was no gender effect on wellbeing (F = .006, p > .05). Discussion and conclusion The findings of this study highlighting the importance of developing self-efficacy in young people in order to promote well-being despite facing a challenging situation.
Resumen Introducción El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el bienestar de los jóvenes ha atraído la preocupación de muchas partes. Se cree que la autoeficacia, la creencia de un individuo para hacer frente a diversas situaciones, tiene una relación con el bienestar psicológico del individuo. Objetivo Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la relación entre la autoeficacia y el bienestar de los jóvenes en Indonesia durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método Un diseño transversal con una muestra de conveniencia de estudiantes de escuelas secundarias y universidades en Indonesia. El número de participantes fueron 365 jóvenes de 15 a 23 años (M = 18.57; SD = 1.95). Se les pidió que completaran la Escala de Autoeficacia y la Escala de Florecimiento en forma de encuesta en línea. Resultados Existe una correlación positiva entre la autoeficacia y el bienestar (r = .547, p < .01) con el porcentaje de cotización del 33.5%. El ANOVA de dos vías resultó que hubo un efecto del nivel educativo sobre el bienestar (F = 12.956, p < .05), mientras que no hubo efecto del género sobre el bienestar (F = .006, p > .05). Discusión y conclusión Los hallazgos de este estudio destacan la importancia de desarrollar la autoeficacia en los jóvenes para promover el bienestar a pesar de enfrentar una situación desafiante.
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Introducción: El bienestar del adulto mayor constituye una prioridad del Sistema Sanitario, por lo que es necesario contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables para su evaluación. Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff, en una muestra de adultos mayores con diagnóstico presuntivo de osteoartrosis de rodilla, de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. Métodos: Se asumió el paradigma de investigación cuantitativo y un tipo de estudio instrumental. La selección muestral fue probabilística, conformada por 170 adultos mayores. Se aplicó el instrumento Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff (42 aspectos); para el procesamiento de la información se emplearon las pruebas estadísticas: coeficiente alpha de Cronbach y el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Resultados: Se determinó una estructura coherente de 5 factores: autoaceptación, propósito en la vida, dominio del entorno, autonomía y relaciones positivas con los demás. Se apreció una elevada consistencia interna de la escala global y sus dimensiones, así como adecuadas correlaciones entre los diversos aspectos. Conclusión: El instrumento posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y permite evaluar el constructo en esta población.
Introduction: the well-being of the elderly is a priority of the health system, that is why valid and reliable instruments are necessary for its evaluation. Objective: to validate the Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale in a sample of older adults from Villa Clara province, Cuba with a presumptive diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: a quantitative and instrumental research was assumed. The sample selection was probabilistic, made up of 170 older adults with this condition. The Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale was applied (42 items); statistical tests were used for information processing such as Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results: a coherent factorial structure of 5 factors was determined: self-acceptance, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relationships with others. A high internal consistency of the global scale and its dimensions were observed, as well as adequate inter-item correlations. Conclusion: the instrument has adequate psychometric properties and allows us to evaluate the construct in this population.
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Osteoarthritis , Personal Satisfaction , Aged , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Introducción: los residentes de especialidad médica están expuestos a un alto nivel de burnout lo cual impacta negativamente en el profesionalismo. Esto ha promovido que los programas de residencias instalen curricularmente actividades de bienestar y autocuidado. Este estudio busca identificar la presencia de actividades de autocuidado/bienestar en residencias de psiquiatría de Chile y conocer la opinión docente respecto del tema. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal invitando vía correo electrónico a 80 docentes de 3 departamentos de psiquiatría a contestar un cuestionario sobre el tema de bienestar/autocuidado de sus residentes en sus programas de formación. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de los datos. Resultados: un 69,4% de los encuestados señaló que su residencia no cuenta con contenidos curriculares formales o un programa de autocuidado/bienestar para sus residentes. Las actividades existentes para las residentes relacionadas al autocuidado/bienestar y mencionadas por los docentes son: supervisión, resolución de conflictos, habilidades de comunicación y apoyo o trabajo grupal guiado. Las principales barreras son la limitación de tiempo, la falta de conocimiento y el financiamiento. Discusión: el bienestar de los residentes ha ganado relevancia en los últimos años. El Consejo de Acreditación de Educación Médica para Graduados (ACGME) lo promueve activamente. En Chile, según los programas encuestados, hay poca presencia sistemática de actividades estandarizadas o programas dirigidos al autocuidado y bienestar de este grupo. Parece necesario incluir este aspecto considerando el impacto del burnout en el personal de salud especialmente en un contexto de pandemia o crisis sanitaria.
Introduction: medical speciality residents are exposed to high burnout, which harms professionalism. This mental health situation has led to creating programs promoting well-being and self-care, which have not been installed transversally in medical education. The present study seeks to identify self-care/well-being activities in psychiatry residences in Chile and the teaching interest in implementing them. Methods: 80 professors from 3 Departments of Psychiatry were invited via email to answer a questionnaire on aspects of well-being. A quantitative analysis was performed. Results: 69.4% of those surveyed said their residence does not have formal content or a self-care/well-being program for its residents. The self-care/well-being activities most included in the residents surveyed were su-pervision, conflict resolution and communication skills, and support or guided group work. The main barriers are limited time and lack of knowledge. Discussion: The well-being of residents has gained relevance in recent years, so much so that the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) actively promotes it. In Chile, the situation seems to be different; there is a systematic lack of standardized activities aimed at self-care and the resident's well-being. Including mental health advocating programs is an essential challenge considering the context of pandemic and the relevance of preventing burnout in health personnel.
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Introducción: COVID-19 no solamente tuvo efectos en la salud física de las personas, se sumó a una serie de otras problemáticas que afectarán la salud de las personas a mediano y largo plazo. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la percepción del nivel de actividad física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de trabajadores y trabajadoras de una comunidad universitaria chilena durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se aplicó una encuesta online durante los meses de junio y julio de 2022 a285 sujetos, 65% mujeres y 35% hombres, de estamentos, administrativo y académicos (64% y 36% respectivamente). Los resultados indican que un 58% disminuyó su actividad física durante la pandemia en el 2020 y un 51% durante el año 2021. Un 52% señala que aumentó de peso corporal durante el 2020 y un 46% durante el 2021. En relación a su bienestar psicológico, un 49% percibe que empeoró durante el año 2020 y un 36% declara lo mismo para el año 2021.Conclusiones: La pandemia por COVID-19, generó efectos negativos en la actividad física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de las personas. El desafío para las instituciones de educación superior es desarrollar programas para fomentar la promoción y prevención en salud para la comunidad universitaria en un contexto postpandémico(AU)
Introduction: COVID-19 not only had effects on people's physical health, it added to a series of other problems that will affect people's health in the medium and long term. The objective was to identify the perception of the level of physical activity, quality of life and psychological wellbeing of workers in a Chilean university community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was developed under a quantitative paradigm, it was descriptive cross-sectional. An online survey was applied during the months of June and July 2022 to 285 subjects, 65% women and 35% men, from estates, administrative and academic (64% and 36% respectively). The results indicate that 58% decreased their physical activity during the pandemic in 2020 and 51% during 2021. 52% say they increased body weight during 2020 and 46% during 2021. In relation to their psychological well-being, 49% perceive that it worsened during the year 2020, and 36% declare the same for the year 2021.Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic generated negative effects on people's physical activity, quality of life and psychological well-being. The challenge for higher education institutions is to develop programs to foster health promotion and prevention for the university community in a post-pandemic context(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , COVID-19 , Psychological Well-Being/psychology , Perception , Universities , Body Weight , Weight Gain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Introduction: Internet addiction results in intense and frequent use. There is a gap in the literature in relation to the unawareness of problematic Internet use (PIU) in predicting Internet use time (IUT). Objective: To identify sociodemographic/psychological variables contributing and moderating IUT. Participants: 1,270 participants of the European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instruments: EES variables assessing Internet use (IU), health perception, well-being, social life, and sociodemographic variables, underlying the construct. Results: Age, education, sources of household income, social activities compared to others of the same age and subjective general health explain IU per day; and age, years of education, domicile and socially meeting with other people with whom to discuss intimate matters explain IU per week. Education was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between subjective general health and IU per week; and in the relationship between socially meeting with other people and IU per day. Discussion: Maladaptive IU, when the perception of health is worse, and adaptive IU, when the perception of social life is better, are both suggested, depending on education. Conclusions: These findings point to the need to study IUT involving educational level, keeping in mind that what may be PIU at one educational level may not be the case at another.
Introdução: O vício da Internet traduz-se numa utilização intensa e frequente. Existe uma lacuna na literatura sobre o desconhecimento dos preditores do uso problemático da Internet (PIU) do tempo de utilização da Internet (IUT). Objetivo: Identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas/psicológicas que contribuem e moderam o IUT. Participantes: 1270 participantes da European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instrumentos: Variáveis ESS que avaliam a utilização da Internet (IU), perceção de saúde, bem-estar, vida social e variáveis sociodemográficas, sub jacentes ao construto. Resultados: Idade, escolaridade, fontes de renda familiar, atividades sociais em comparação com outras da mesma idade e saúde geral subjetiva explicam IU por dia e idade, anos de escolaridade, domicílio, convívio social com outras pessoas e quem para discutir assuntos íntimos explicam IU por semana. A escolaridade mostrou-se um moderador significativo na relação entre saúde geral subjetiva e IU por semana; e na relação entre encontro social com outras pessoas e IU por dia. Discussão: IU desadaptativa, quando a perceção de saúde é pior, e IU adaptativa, quando a perceção de vida social é melhor, dependem da escolaridade. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem o estudo do IUT de acordo com o nível educacional, pois o que pode ser um PIU num nível educacional pode não ser noutro.
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Conventionally, GDP or GNP is considered as a measure of well-being of a country. In spite of their simplicity and objectivity, voices are raised against these income-based measures on the ground that human well-being is primarily subjective in nature. According to human development approach, the perception of well-being covers different dimensions of well-being, viz., quality of education, healthcare quality, the standard of living and labor market, personal safety, overall satisfaction with freedom of choice and life and perceptions about community and government. This paper presents a brief overview of the concept of well-being in the context of human development approach and analyses the role of well-being indicators in determining the perception of overall human well-being for different countries, regions and at the global level on the basis of HDR 2016 published by UNDP.
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As competências socioemocionais têm chamado a atenção de pesquisadores e programas de treinamento de habilidades socioemocionais têm sido desenvolvidos em muitos países. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral produzir normas para a escala de competências socioemocionais de estudantes universitários e analisar seu poder preditivo sobre o bem-estar subjetivo. A coleta foi realizada com uma amostra total de 1.020 estudantes de diversos cursos de graduação, de duas instituições de ensino particular do Distrito Federal. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos. O primeiro foi a escala de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários, de Souza, Faiad e Rueda (2021), que realiza a investigação de seis fatores. O segundo instrumento, destinado a mensuração do bem-estar subjetivo, foi composto pela escala de afetos positivos e negativos, de Zanon e Hutz (2014) e a escala de satisfação com a vida, de Zanon, Bardagi, Layous e Hutz (2013). Para análise dos dados foram realizados cálculos de correlações de Pearson e análises de modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Quanto aos resultados, normas para fins de diagnóstico foram produzidas para a população geral. Os resultados mostraram também que a maioria dos fatores de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários se correlacionaram significativamente com bem-estar subjetivo e foram capazes de predizer o bem-estar subjetivo. Concluiu-se que a escala de competência socioemocionais de estudante universitários pode ser utilizada para fins de diagnóstico, principalmente por apresentar um estudo normativo.
Socio-emotional skills have attracted the attention of researchers and training programs for socio-emotional skills have been developed worldwide. The general objective of this study was to produce norms for the socio-emotional competence scale of university students, as well as to analyze its predictive power on subjective well-being. The collection was carried out with a total sample of 1,020 students from different undergraduate courses, from two private educational institutions in the Federal District, in Brazil. Two instruments were used for data collection. The first was the Social-emotional Skills Scale for University Students, by Souza et al. (2021), which carries out the investigation of six factors. The second instrument, designed to measure subjective well-being, was composed of the Positive and Negative Affects Scale, by Zanon and Hutz (2014) and the Life Satisfaction Scale, by Zanon et al. (2013). For data analysis, calculations of Pearson correlations and analysis of multiple linear regression models were performed. As for the results, standards for diagnostic purposes were produced for the general population. The results also showed that most factors of socio-emotional competence for university students were significantly correlated with subjective well-being and others were able to predict subjective well-being. It is concluded that the Socio-emotional Competence Scale of University Students can be used for diagnostic purposes, mainly because it presents a normative study.
Las habilidades socioemocionales han llamado la atención de los investigadores y se han desarrollado programas de formación en habilidades socioemocionales en todo el mundo. El objetivo general de este estudio fue producir normas para la escala de competencia socioemocional de estudiantes universitarios, así como analizar su poder predictivo sobre el bienestar subjetivo. La recolección se realizó con una muestra total de 1.020 estudiantes de diferentes carreras de grado, de dos instituciones educativas privadas del Distrito Federal, en Brasil. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos para la recolección de datos. La primera fue la Escala de habilidades socioemocionales para estudiantes universitarios de Souza et al. (2021), que lleva a cabo la investigación de seis factores. El segundo instrumento, destinado a medir el bienestar subjetivo, estuvo compuesto por la Escala de afectos positivos y negativos, de Zanon y Hutz (2014) y la Escala de satisfacción con la vida, de Zanon et al. (2013). Para el análisis de datos, se realizaron cálculos de correlaciones de Pearson y análisis de modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. En cuanto a los resultados, se elaboraron estándares con fines diagnósticos para la población general. Los resultados también mostraron que la mayoría de los factores de competencia socioemocional para estudiantes universitarios se correlacionaron significativamente con el bienestar subjetivo y otros fueron capaces de predecir el bienestar subjetivo. Se concluye que la escala de competencia socioemocional de estudiantes universitarios puede ser utilizada con fines diagnósticos, principalmente porque presenta un estudio normativo.
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Abstract Introduction The Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being is the most widely used instrument for assessing the eudemonic perspective of well-being. Although it has been adapted for the Spanish population, it has not been modified for health science students in the Mexican population. Objective Adapt and obtain the psychometric properties of this scale for medical students in the Mexican population. Method The study was conducted with 1,974 undergraduate students, 1,551 from the UNAM Medicine Faculty and 423 from the La Salle University Mexican School of Medicine. The analysis was undertaken using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 and AMOS 21 SPSS programs. Results An instrument with a robust structure derived from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses carried out was obtained, with satisfactory explained variance, adequate internal consistency obtained through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and appropriate discrimination. Discussion and conclusion Our adaptation is a suitable version for Mexican medical students with four final dimensions; purpose in life, personal rejection and self-acceptance, personal control, and personal growth.
Resumen Introducción La Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff es la más utilizada para evaluar la perspectiva eudaimónica de bienestar. Si bien se ha adaptado para población española no se ha adaptado para estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de población mexicana. Objetivo Realizar adaptación y obtener propiedades psicométricas de esta escala para estudiantes de medicina de población mexicana. Método El estudio se desarrolló con 1974 estudiantes de pregrado, 1551 de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM y 423 de la Escuela Mexicana de Medicina de la Universidad La Salle. El análisis desarrollado se realizó mediante el programa IBM SPSS Statistics 21 y AMOS 21 de SPSS. Resultados Se obtuvo un instrumento con una estructura sólida derivada de los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios desarrollados, con una varianza explicada satisfactoria, una consistencia interna obtenida mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach adaptada y una discriminación favorable. Discusión y conclusión El artículo es una adaptación del instrumento adecuada para estudiantes de medicina mexicanos con cuatro dimensiones finales; proyecto de vida, rechazo personal y auto aceptación, control personal y crecimiento personal.
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En los últimos años distintos estudios muestran la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para mejorar la sintomatología depresiva y el bienestar en población adulta; sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que revisen la eficacia de estas intervenciones en personas de 60 años o más. Objetivo: recoger y sintetizar la evidencia existente en la última década con respecto a las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva en estas personas. Método: se ha realizado una revisión sistemática (RS) que recoge las publicaciones, realizadas entre enero de 2012 y julio de 2022, procedentes de las bases de datos SCOPUS, WOS/Medline y PROQUEST/PsycInfo. Se seleccionaron 944 estudios empíricos, de los cuales 18 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se presenta evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para reducir la sintomatología depresiva e incrementar el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en personas de estas edades, con efectos superiores a los de otros grupos de control. Esto sucede con programas de intervención en bienestar, al entrenar varias fortalezas- gratitud o perdón junto con otras- o entrenando en mindfulness. Conclusión: estos resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva como terapias complementarias para mejorar la salud mental y la calidad de vida en personas mayores de 60 años.
Recently, different studies have shown the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology to improve both depressive symptoms and well-being in adults. However, there are only a few studies that review the efficacy of these interventions in people aged 60 years and older. Objective: synthesize the evidence from the last decade about these interventions in these people. Method: A systematic review was conducted. Publications between 2012 and 2022 -from SCOPUS, WOS/Medline and PROQUEST/PsycInfo- were included. After analyzing 944 empirical works, 18 studies have met the inclusion criteria. Results: the results show the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology, both to reduce depressive symptoms, and to increase subjective and psychological well-being in people of these ages, compared to other control groups. These effects are found with interventions on well-being, with interventions on personal strengths -gratitude or forgiveness in combination with sense of humor, empathy, meaning of life or emotional regulation- or through training on mindfulness. Conclusions: The preliminary results point out the importance of interventions in Positive Psychology as complementary therapies to improve the metal health and quality of life in people over 60 years.